The Nanchang Uprising (南昌起义) (August 1, 1927) was the first major Kuomintang-Communist engagement of the Chinese Civil War.

Troops of the Kuomintang in Nanchang rebelled under the leadership of He Long and Zhou Enlai attempting to seize control of the city after the end of the first Kuomintang-Communist alliance. Other important leaders are Zhu De, Ye Ting, Liu Bocheng.

Communist forces occupied Nanchang successfully and escaped from the seige of Kuomintang forces at August 5, withdrawing to the Jinggang Mountains of western Jiangxi. The day of August 1st is later regarded as the anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army.