The Austrian Western Railway (German Westbahn) was the name of a former railway company during the time of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Today, the term is still used (although only rarely) to refer to the railway lines which was formerly operated by that company.

Named after Empress Elisabeth, the k.k. private Kaiserin-Elisabeth-Bahn operated a line from Vienna to Linz, which was built between 1856 and 1858. The extensions from Linz to Salzburg and Passau were opened in 1860 and 1861. The company was nationalized in 1882.

Since World War I, the former Giselabahn from Salzburg via Zell am See to Wörgl , the North Tyrolean Railway (Kufstein-Innsbruck, operated by the Austrian Southern Railway until 1923) and the Arlberg Railway have been understood as part of the Western Railway. Vienna West Station was heavily damaged in World War II and reconstructed until 1952, when the railway had been equipped with electrical power lines.