The Austrian Northern Railway (German Nordbahn) was the name of a former railway company during the time of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Today, the term is still used to describe certain railway lines which were formerly operated by that company.

The Nordbahn, or Kaiser-Ferdinands-Nordbahn, was Austria's first steam railway company and financed by Salomon Rothschild . The first track was built between Floridsdorf and Deutsch Wagram in 1837. The extension to Vienna was built in 1838, and the track through Lundenburg (today Břeclav) to Brno in 1839. In 1846, the track to Cracow was completed. The company was nationalized in 1907.

Vienna North Station was destroyed in World War II and rebuilt in 1962 along with the bridge accross the Danube. Today, the trains going from Vienna to Brno leave from Vienna South Station . North Station is only used for suburban and regional train lines.